A ibinyomoro ni icyuma gifatanye nu mwobo, cyashizweho kugirango gihuze na bolt cyangwa screw kugirango ibice bifatanye hamwe. Iyo uhujwe na bolt, guterana hagati yudodo no guhindura bike bitera gufunga umutekano, bikarinda kurekura munsi yinyeganyeza. Imbuto ziza muburyo butandukanye, ingano, nibikoresho, bigira uruhare runini mubwubatsi, ibinyabiziga, icyogajuru, ninganda zimashini aho ubunyangamugayo bwubatswe arimbere.
Imbuto ni iki kandi ikora ite?
Intego yibanze ya a ibinyomoro ni ugutanga icyerekezo cyimukanwa cya bolt. Bitandukanye no gusudira hamwe cyangwa gufatira hamwe, inteko ya nut-na-bolt yemerera gusenya no guteranya nta kwangiza ibice. Uku guhindurwa bituma guhitamo guhitamo inganda ziremereye.
Mu mikorere, ibinyomoro bihinduranya torque yo kuzunguruka muburyo bwa axial. Mugihe ibinyomoro bikomeje, bikurura bolt shank, bigakora imbaraga zifatika zifata ibikoresho byahujwe neza. Iyi mpagarara ni ngombwa; niba ari hasi cyane, ingingo irashobora kurekura; niba ari hejuru cyane, bolt irashobora kurambura cyangwa kumeneka.
Ubwubatsi bugezweho bushingiye kubipimo nyabyo. Bikunze kugaragara cyane ni metero (ISO) hamwe ningoma (UNC / UNF). Guhuza hagati yumutobe na bolt urudodo na diameter ni ngombwa kugirango uhuze neza. Imitwe idahuye irashobora kwiyambura byoroshye, biganisha ku gutsindwa gukabije.
Abakora inganda bashimangira ko imbaraga zihuriweho akenshi ziterwa nubuhanga bwo kwishyiriraho kuruta ibyuma ubwabyo. Porogaramu ikwiye yerekana neza ibinyomoro ikora nkuko byateganijwe mubuzima bwayo bwose.
Ubukanishi bwo Guhuza Urudodo
Gusezerana kumutwe bivuga uburebure bwitumanaho hagati yinyuma yimbere yumutobe nududodo two hanze twa bolt. Gusezerana bihagije gukwirakwiza umutwaro ku nsanganyamatsiko nyinshi, birinda kunanirwa gukata.
- Ikwirakwizwa ry'imizigo: Urudodo rwambere rutwara ubwinshi bwimitwaro. Imbuto zo mu rwego rwohejuru zagenewe guhinduka gato kugirango bangane iyi mihangayiko.
- Imbaraga zogosha: Niba gusezerana ari bigufi cyane, insanganyamatsiko zirashobora kwiyambura munsi yuburakari, bigatuma ingingo ihita inanirwa ako kanya.
- Amategeko asanzwe: Amategeko rusange yintoki nuko uburebure bwo gusezerana bugomba kunganya diameter nominal ya bolt yo guteranya ibyuma.
Gusobanukirwa nubukanishi bifasha injeniyeri guhitamo iburyo ibinyomoro uburebure n'ibikoresho kubintu byihariye bisabwa.
Ubwoko Bwuzuye bwimbuto
Ubwoko bwa ibinyomoro ubwoko buboneka bugaragaza ibyifuzo bitandukanye byubuhanga bugezweho. Kuva muburyo bworoshye bwa mpande esheshatu kugeza uburyo bukomeye bwo gufunga, buri bwoko bukora umurimo wihariye. Guhitamo ubwoko bwiza nibyingenzi mumutekano no gukora.
Hasi ni ibisobanuro birambuye byibyiciro byiganjemo ibyatsi bikoreshwa mubikorwa byumwuga muri iki gihe.
Hex Nuts: Inganda zisanzwe
Imyunyungugu ya hex niyo izwi cyane kandi ikoreshwa cyane kwisi yose. Imiterere yacyo itandatu ituma ifata byoroshye hamwe na wrenche isanzwe hamwe na socket kuva kumpande nyinshi.
Utubuto twashyizwe mubyiciro n'ubunini n'amanota. Imbuto ziremereye zitanga ubuso bunini, bugabanya umuvuduko kubintu byo gushyingiranwa. Bikunze kuboneka mubyuma byubatswe hamwe nimashini ziremereye.
Imyunyungugu ya hex ikoreshwa kenshi hamwe nogeshe zitandukanye kugirango wirinde kwangirika hejuru no gukwirakwiza umutwaro uringaniye. Ubworoherane bwabo butuma bidahenze kubikorwa rusange-bigamije aho kunyeganyega ari bike.
Funga Imbuto: Kurinda Kuzunguruka
Mubidukikije bigenda neza nka moteri yimodoka cyangwa ibikoresho bizunguruka, imbuto zisanzwe zirashobora kugabanuka kubera kunyeganyega. Funga imbuto zakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwo kurwanya iki kintu cyo kwigobotora.
Nylon shyiramo ibifunga (Nyloc) biranga umukufi wa plastiki uhinduranya imigozi ya bolt, bigatera ubushyamirane bukomeye. Igishushanyo gishobora gukoreshwa inshuro nke gusa mbere yuko nylon ishira.
Ibyuma byose bifunga utubuto dukoresha insinga zigoretse cyangwa amasura yerekanwe kugirango urume hejuru yubukwe. Ibi bikundwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru aho nylon yashonga cyangwa igatesha agaciro. Inganda zibona ko ari ngombwa mu nteko zihungabanya umutekano.
Flange Nuts: Gukaraba
Ibinyomoro bya flange birimo uruziga rugari, cyangwa flange, kumpera imwe. Igishushanyo gikora nkibikoresho byahujwe bidakoreshwa, bikwirakwiza umutwaro ufata ahantu hanini.
Flange akenshi ikubiyemo seriveri hejuru yubutaka. Amenyo acukumbura ibikoresho bigenda, atanga igikorwa cyo gufunga cyanga kuzunguruka. Ibi bivanaho gukenera gukaraba gutandukanye, kwihutisha igihe cyo guterana.
Imbuto za flange zikoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo gusohora ibinyabiziga hamwe nimpapuro zikoreshwa mu cyuma aho umwanya ari muto kandi ubuso bwagutse burakenewe kugirango wirinde gukurura.
Guteranya Imbuto n'ibishushanyo byihariye
Guteranya imbuto ni silinderi ndende ikoreshwa muguhuza inkoni ebyiri zomugabo cyangwa imigozi iherezo-iherezo. Nibyingenzi mumazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikora, no kwagura imigozi.
Ubundi bwoko bwihariye burimo cap nuts (acorn nuts), zitwikiriye impera ya bolt igaragara kumutekano hamwe nuburanga, hamwe nimbuto zamababa, zagenewe gufatisha intoki nta bikoresho. Buri variant ikemura inzitizi yihariye mugikorwa cyo guterana.
Guhitamo ubuhanga bukwiye ibinyomoro Irashobora koroshya uburyo bwo kubungabunga no kuzamura igihe kirekire muri sisitemu.
Ibikoresho by'imbuto n'ibifuniko byasobanuwe
Kuramba no kwiringirwa a ibinyomoro Biterwa cyane nibigize ibikoresho hamwe no kuvura hejuru. Ibintu bidukikije nkubushuhe, imiti, nubushyuhe byerekana guhitamo bikwiye.
Gukoresha ibikoresho bitari byo bishobora kugutera kwangirika vuba, reaction ya galvanic, cyangwa kunanirwa nubushyuhe. Ababigize umwuga bagomba gusuzuma ibidukikije bikora mbere yo kwerekana ibyuma.
Ibyuma bya Carbone: Imbaraga nuburyo bwinshi
Ibyuma bya karubone nibikoresho bisanzwe mubuto kubera imbaraga zabyo nyinshi kandi bihendutse. Irakwiriye mubikorwa rusange byinganda nubwubatsi aho bidakenewe kurwanya ruswa.
Iyi mbuto ikunze gushyirwa mu byiciro (urugero, Icyiciro cya 5, Icyiciro cya 8) kugirango yerekane imiterere yubukanishi. Amanota yo hejuru atanga imbaraga nyinshi ariko arashobora kuba make. Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe burusheho kunoza imikorere yabo.
Hatabayeho gukingira, ibyuma bya karubone birashobora kwangirika. Kubwibyo, hafi buri gihe wasizwe cyangwa ushizwemo iyo ukoreshejwe hanze cyangwa mubihe bitose.
Icyuma kitagira umwanda: Kurwanya ruswa
Kubidukikije byugarije amazi, umunyu, cyangwa imiti, ibyuma ibinyomoro nibisanzwe byinganda. Icyiciro cya 304 na 316 nicyo cyiganje cyane, hamwe 316 bitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya chloride hamwe n’ibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikomeza ubunyangamugayo butarimo isahani yongeyeho, bigatuma biba byiza gutunganya ibiryo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, hamwe nubwubatsi. Nyamara, muri rusange ifite imbaraga zingana ugereranije nicyuma cya karubone gikomeye.
Ugomba kwitonda kugirango wirinde guhumeka, uburyo bwo kwambara buterwa no gufatana hagati yinyerera. Gukoresha amavuta cyangwa anti-seize ibice birasabwa mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
Umuringa na Aluminium: Porogaramu yihariye
Imbuto z'umuringa zatoranijwe kubera guhangana neza kwangirika kwinyanja hamwe nuburyo butari magnetique. Ziroroshye kandi, zigabanya ibyago byo kwangiza insanganyamatsiko zo guterana mugihe cyo guterana.
Imyunyungugu ya aluminiyumu itanga ubundi buryo bworoshye kubirere byo mu kirere hamwe no gusiganwa ku modoka aho kugabanya ibiro ari ngombwa. Nubwo ikomeye kuburemere bwayo, ifite imbaraga zo gukata munsi yicyuma kandi bisaba gucunga neza torque.
Ibikoresho byerekana akamaro ko guhuza i ibinyomoro imitungo kubintu byihariye bifatika nibisabwa byumushinga.
Ibirindiro bikingira hamwe
Ipati yongerera ubuzima ibyuma bya karubone. Isahani ya Zinc itanga uburinzi bwibanze no kurangiza neza, mugihe hot-dip galvanizing itanga igicucu kibyibushye gikwiye cyubatswe hanze.
Iterambere ryambere nka Dacromet cyangwa Geomet ritanga ruswa irwanya ruswa idafite hydrogène yo kwinjiza ibintu bifitanye isano na electroplating nzira. Ibi biragenda byamamara mubikorwa byimodoka nibikorwa remezo.
Guhitamo igifuniko gikwiye cyemeza ko ibinyomoro arokoka ubuzima bugenewe ubuzima butabangamiye ubunyangamugayo.
| Ubwoko bwibikoresho | Ibyiza by'ingenzi | Porogaramu Rusange | Imipaka |
| Ibyuma bya Carbone | Imbaraga Zirenze, Igiciro gito | Ubwubatsi, Imashini | Gukunda Rust idafite Coating |
| Ibyuma | Kurwanya ruswa | Inyanja, Gutunganya ibiryo | Imbaraga zo Hasi, Galling Risk |
| Umuringa | Ntabwo ari Magnetique, Umutako | Amashanyarazi, Amazi | Ubushobozi bworoshye, umutwaro wo hasi |
| Aluminium | Umucyo | Ikirere, Irushanwa | Imbaraga zo hasi |
Nigute wahitamo ibinyomoro bikwiye kubisabwa
Guhitamo ibikwiye ibinyomoro ikubiyemo isuzuma rifatika ryibintu byinshi. Guhitamo byihuse birashobora kugutera kunanirwa hamwe, guhungabanya umutekano, no gusana bihenze. Ba injeniyeri bakurikiza inzira yumvikana yo gufata ibyemezo kugirango barebe imikorere myiza.
Intambwe ku yindi Intambwe yo Guhitamo
Kurikiza ubu buryo bwubatswe kugirango umenye igisubizo cyiza cyihuse kubyo ukeneye byihariye.
- Suzuma Ibisabwa Umutwaro: Menya imbaraga za tensile na shear imbaraga ingingo zizihanganira. Hitamo urwego rurenze iyi mitwaro ntarengwa iteganijwe hamwe numutekano wumutekano.
- Suzuma uko ibidukikije bimeze: Tekereza guhura nubushuhe, umunyu, imiti, cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije. Hitamo ibikoresho hamwe nibitambaro bihanganira ibi bintu.
- Gisesengura Inzego Zinyeganyeza: Niba porogaramu irimo kugenda cyangwa kunyeganyega, shyira imbere ibifunga cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera byiganjemo kugirango wirinde kurekura.
- Reba guhuza: Menya neza ko umutobe wimbuto, diameter, hamwe nishuri bihuye neza na bolt neza. Menya neza ko guhuza ibikoresho birinda ruswa.
- Reba inzitizi zo kwishyiriraho: Konti yo kugera kubikoresho, imipaka ya torque, kandi niba ingingo ikeneye gusenywa kenshi.
Ubu buryo bwuburyo bugabanya ingaruka kandi butuma kuramba kuramba.
Amakosa Rusange yo Kwirinda
Ikosa rimwe ryakunze kuvangwa ni ukuvanga ibikoresho bidahuye, nko guhuza ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nimbuto ya karubone, byihuta kwangirika. Irindi kosa ni ukurenza urugero, rishobora kurambura bolt cyangwa kwambura insina.
Kwirengagiza gukenera gukaraba munsi yumutobe usanzwe wa hex birashobora kwangiza substrate kandi biganisha ku kugabana imizigo itaringaniye. Byongeye kandi, kongera gukoresha inshuro imwe yo gufunga utubuto (nka Nyloc) kurenza imipaka basabye bibangamira umutekano.
Kumenya iyi mitego ni ikiranga imyitozo yo kwishyiriraho umwuga.
Kwinjiza Imyitozo myiza hamwe na Torque Ibisobanuro
Kwishyiriraho neza ningirakamaro nko guhitamo iburyo ibinyomoro. Ndetse ibyuma byo murwego rwohejuru bizananirana niba byashizweho nabi. Gukurikiza inganda imikorere myiza itanga ubwizerwe.
Akamaro ka Torque ikwiye
Torque nimbaraga zo kuzunguruka zikoreshwa mugukomera ibinyomoro. Irahuza mu buryo butaziguye n'imbaraga zo gufatana zakozwe mu gihimba. Umuyoboro udahagije uganisha ku ngingo zidafunguye, mugihe urumuri rwinshi rutera umusaruro wa bolt cyangwa kwambura urudodo.
Ababigize umwuga bakoresha Calibrated torque wrenches kugirango bagere ku ndangagaciro zisobanutse zakozwe nababikora. Indangagaciro ziratandukanye bitewe nubunini, ibikoresho, urudodo, hamwe namavuta.
Gusiga amavuta bigira ingaruka cyane kubisomwa bya torque. Urudodo rwamavuta rusaba urumuri ruke kugirango ugere ku mbaraga zimwe zifatika ugereranije nu mugozi wumye. Buri gihe ukurikize ibisobanuro bya torque byateganijwe kumiterere yihariye (yumye na lubricated).
Gushushanya Ibishushanyo Byinshi
Iyo ushakishije ibice hamwe nutubuto twinshi, nka flange cyangwa uruziga, gukomera bikurikirana. Kwizirika bisanzwe birashobora kugabanya ibice cyangwa bigatera umuvuduko utaringaniye.
Igishushanyo cyinyenyeri (cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera) nuburyo busanzwe. Kenyera utubuto mu buryo bwa diagonal, buhoro buhoro wongere umuriro mu bice byinshi kugeza igihe agaciro kanyuma kageze. Ibi byemeza guhuza hamwe no guhuza.
Ubu buhanga ni itegeko mubikorwa bikomeye nka moteri ya silinderi ya moteri hamwe na flanges ya pipine kugirango wirinde kumeneka no kugoreka imiterere.
Porogaramu Hafi yinganda Nkuru
Ubwinshi bwa ibinyomoro ituma ari ingenzi hafi ya buri rwego rwubukungu. Kuva kuri microscopique electronics kugeza ku bicu binini cyane, ibyo bifata bifata isi hamwe.
Imodoka no gutwara abantu
Mu binyabiziga, ibinyomoro birinda ibintu byose uhereye kuri moteri kugeza kuri sisitemu yo guhagarika. Ibidukikije bikaze byubushyuhe, amavuta, hamwe no kunyeganyega kumuhanda bisaba imbaraga zo gufunga cyane hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika.
Umutekano niwo wambere hano. Kunanirwa kwimbuto imwe yinziga birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugenzura ubuziranenge no kugenzura buri gihe protocole yubahirizwa mu nganda.
Ubwubatsi n'ibikorwa Remezo
Inyubako zibyuma byubaka nibiraro byishingikiriza ku mbuto ziremereye kandi zifite imbaraga nyinshi. Aya masano agomba kwihanganira imizigo yumuyaga, ibikorwa by’ibiza, hamwe n’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.
Ibyuma bya galvanised hamwe nikirere cyicyuma nibisanzwe mubwubatsi bwo hanze. Igipimo cyiyi mishinga bivuze ko miliyoni zimbuto zikoreshwa, bisaba ubuziranenge buhoraho kandi bwizewe.
Ikirere n'Ingabo
Urwego rwo mu kirere rusunika imipaka yikoranabuhanga ryihuta. Imbuto hano zigomba kuba zikomeye bidasanzwe ariko zoroheje, zishobora kubaho ihindagurika rikabije ryubushyuhe bukabije hamwe no kunyeganyega kwinshi.
Kwifungisha utubuto hamwe nibisobanuro byuzuye bya torque birasanzwe. Gukurikirana nabyo birakomeye; ibinyomoro byose bikoreshwa mu ndege birashobora gukurikiranwa mubikorwa byayo.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)
Gukemura ibibazo bisanzwe bifasha gusobanura imyumvire itari yo kandi bitanga ibisubizo byihuse kubanyamwuga hamwe nabakunzi ba DIY.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yumutobe na bolt?
Bolt ni umugozi-wumugabo wihuta ufite umutwe, wagenewe kunyura mumyobo mubikoresho. A. ibinyomoro ni umugozi-wumugore wihuta wihuta kuri bolt kugirango ukingire inteko. Bakorera hamwe kugirango bahuze ingingo ifatanye.
Nshobora kongera gukoresha ibinyomoro?
Biterwa n'ubwoko. Nylon yinjizamo utubuto twinshi ntigomba kongera gukoreshwa, kuko ihindagurika rya plastike ritakaza imbaraga nyuma yo kuyikuraho. Ibyuma byose bifunga ibyuma birashobora kongera gukoreshwa niba uburyo bwo gufunga bugumye kuba bwiza, ariko kugenzura ni ngombwa.
Kuki imbuto zimwe zifite umurongo wamabara?
Umurongo wamabara kumurongo runaka wugarije werekana icyerekezo cyumuriro wiganje cyangwa ukora nkikimenyetso kigaragara kugirango wizere neza. Ifasha abayishiraho kugenzura ko ibinyomoro byicaye neza kandi bigakomera.
Nigute nakuraho ibinyomoro byumye?
Koresha amavuta yinjira hanyuma ureke. Koresha ubushyuhe witonze kugirango wagure ibinyomoro kandi ucike ingese. Nibiba ngombwa, koresha igikoresho cyo gutandukanya ibinyomoro kugirango ugabanye ibinyomoro utiriwe wangiza imigozi ya bolt.
Ibipimo bya metero na imperial birashobora guhinduka?
Oya. Urudodo rwa Metric na imperial (SAE) rufite ibibuga bitandukanye na diameter. Kubahatira hamwe bizangiza insinga kandi bitesha imbaraga imbaraga. Buri gihe uhuze sisitemu yo gupima neza.
Gufatanya ninzobere zihuta kwisi
Nubwo gusobanukirwa ibintu bya tekinike yimbuto ningirakamaro, kubikura mubukora byizewe ningirakamaro kugirango umushinga ugende neza. Mu mutima wa Handan, Hebei - ihuriro rizwi cyane mu Bushinwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa byihuta - rihagaze ku isi yose hamwe n’isosiyete ikora ubucuruzi ihuza ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa mu gukemura ibyuma.
Hamwe nimyaka irenga icumi yuburambe mu nganda, iyi sosiyete izobereye mu iterambere, mu nganda, no mu bucuruzi bw’urwego rwinshi rwihuta n’ibikoresho byuma. Umurongo wabo wibicuruzwa urenze ibirenze imbuto zisanzwe kugirango ushiremo ibintu byihariye nko gufunga gekos, amenyo yimbaho yogejwe intama zijisho ryintama / bolts, hamwe nibikoresho byabigenewe byabigenewe bijyanye nibyo abakiriya bakeneye.
Kwiyemeza ubuziranenge niyo nkingi yibikorwa byabo. Muguhuza impano yubuhanga buhanitse hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora hamwe nuburyo bukomeye bwo gupima, baremeza ko ibicuruzwa byose byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga harimo GB, DIN, JIS, na ANSI. Uku kwitanga kwabafashije kohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu birenga 26, byubaka izina kubera ubunyangamugayo no kwizerwa.
Waba ukeneye ibisubizo bitari byiza cyangwa ibisobanuro byihariye ukurikije ubuziranenge n'ubwinshi, itsinda ryabo rya tekinike yabigize umwuga hamwe n’imashini zigezweho zifite ibikoresho byo gutanga. Bakurikiza ihame ry "ubuziranenge ubanza, umukiriya ubanza," baharanira gutanga ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo batanga serivisi zitekereje zujuje ibyifuzo byiterambere ryisoko ryisi. Ku ba injeniyeri ninzobere mu gutanga amasoko bashaka ibiciro byapiganwa bitabangamiye ubunyangamugayo bwubatswe, gufatanya nu ruganda nkurwo rufite uburambe bituma amahoro yo mumutima aramba kandi igihe kirekire kumateraniro iyo ari yo yose.
Umwanzuro n'ibyifuzo by'impuguke
Uwiteka ibinyomoro ni uburiganya bworoshye igice kigira uruhare shingiro mubwubatsi bwisi. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bwayo, ibikoresho, hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo kwishyiriraho ni ngombwa kubantu bose bagize uruhare mubwubatsi, gukora, cyangwa kubungabunga.
Kuva kuri karubone ikomeye ya karubone kugeza muburyo bwihariye bwo gufunga ikirere, buri variant ikora intego itandukanye. Urufunguzo rwo gutsinda ruri mu guhuza byihuse nibisabwa byihariye bijyanye n'umutwaro, ibidukikije, hamwe no kunyeganyega.
Ninde ukwiye gukoresha iki gitabo? Aya makuru ni ingenzi kubashakashatsi, inzobere mu gutanga amasoko, ubukanishi, hamwe nabakora imyitozo ya DIY bashira imbere umutekano nigihe kirekire mumishinga yabo.
Mugihe uhisemo ubutaha bwihuta, shyira imbere ubwiza kuruta ikiguzi. Shora mubicuruzwa bizwi byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda, ukurikize umurongo wa torque cyane, kandi ntuzigere ubangamira guhuza. Nubikora, uremeza uburinganire bwimiterere no kuramba kwinteko zawe.
